Part-23 | Economy Series ( Tax Poverty Unemployment )
For BPSC Prelims & Mains | English + Hindi Notes
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Tax System in India
- Direct and Indirect Taxes
- GST
- Poverty in India
- Poverty Measurement
- Unemployment in India
- Types of Unemployment
- Government Schemes
- Important Abbreviations
- Key Points
- PYQs
- MCQs
- HOTS Questions
- Important Questions & Answers
- Expected Questions for BPSC
- FAQs
- Conclusion
Introduction | परिचय ( Tax Poverty Unemployment )
English
Taxation, Poverty and Unemployment are among the most important topics of Indian Economy. Questions from these topics are frequently asked in BPSC, UPSC, SSC and other state examinations. ( Tax Poverty Unemployment )
Hindi
कर प्रणाली (Tax System), गरीबी (Poverty) तथा बेरोजगारी (Unemployment) भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था के अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण विषय हैं। BPSC में इन विषयों से नियमित रूप से प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं।
Tax System in India | भारत की कर व्यवस्था
English
Tax is a compulsory payment made by citizens to the government without any direct return.
Hindi
कर (Tax) वह अनिवार्य भुगतान है जो नागरिक सरकार को देते हैं, जिसके बदले कोई प्रत्यक्ष लाभ नहीं मिलता।
Objectives of Taxation
English
- Revenue Generation
- Redistribution of Income
- Economic Stability
- Development Activities
Hindi
- राजस्व संग्रह
- आय का पुनर्वितरण
- आर्थिक स्थिरता
- विकास कार्यों का वित्तपोषण
Types of Taxes
1. Direct Tax (प्रत्यक्ष कर)
English
Direct taxes are paid directly by individuals or organizations to the government.
Examples
- Income Tax
- Corporate Tax
- Capital Gains Tax
Hindi
जो कर सीधे सरकार को दिए जाते हैं, उन्हें प्रत्यक्ष कर कहते हैं।
2. Indirect Tax (अप्रत्यक्ष कर)
English
Indirect taxes are collected through intermediaries.
Examples
- GST
- Customs Duty
- Excise Duty
Hindi
जो कर वस्तुओं एवं सेवाओं पर लगाए जाते हैं और उपभोक्ता द्वारा अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से दिए जाते हैं, वे अप्रत्यक्ष कर कहलाते हैं।
Goods and Services Tax (GST)
English
GST was introduced on 1 July 2017 as a destination-based indirect tax.
Hindi
GST को 1 जुलाई 2017 को लागू किया गया। यह एक गंतव्य आधारित अप्रत्यक्ष कर है।
GST Structure
| Type | Full Form |
|---|---|
| CGST | Central GST |
| SGST | State GST |
| IGST | Integrated GST |
| UTGST | Union Territory GST |
Poverty in India | भारत में गरीबी
English
Poverty refers to the inability to meet basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, health and education.
Hindi
गरीबी वह स्थिति है जिसमें व्यक्ति अपनी मूलभूत आवश्यकताओं को पूरा नहीं कर पाता।
Causes of Poverty
English
- Population Growth
- Unemployment
- Low Productivity
- Illiteracy
- Unequal Distribution of Income
Hindi
- जनसंख्या वृद्धि
- बेरोजगारी
- कम उत्पादकता
- अशिक्षा
- आय की असमानता
Poverty Estimation in India
Tendulkar Committee (2009)
Recommended poverty estimation based on consumption expenditure.
Rangarajan Committee (2014)
Suggested a revised poverty line with broader expenditure criteria.
Unemployment in India | भारत में बेरोजगारी
English
Unemployment is a situation where a person is willing and able to work but cannot find employment.
Hindi
जब कोई व्यक्ति काम करने के इच्छुक एवं सक्षम होने के बावजूद रोजगार प्राप्त नहीं कर पाता, तो उसे बेरोजगारी कहते हैं।
Types of Unemployment
1. Seasonal Unemployment
Occurs during specific seasons.
Example: Agriculture
मौसमी बेरोजगारी
कृषि क्षेत्र में प्रायः देखी जाती है।
2. Disguised Unemployment
More workers are employed than required.
प्रच्छन्न बेरोजगारी
आवश्यकता से अधिक लोग एक ही कार्य में लगे हों।
3. Structural Unemployment
Mismatch between skills and jobs.
संरचनात्मक बेरोजगारी
कौशल और रोजगार के अवसरों में असंगति।
4. Cyclical Unemployment
Occurs due to economic slowdown.
चक्रीय बेरोजगारी
आर्थिक मंदी के कारण उत्पन्न।
5. Frictional Unemployment
Temporary unemployment while changing jobs.
घर्षणात्मक बेरोजगारी
नौकरी बदलने के दौरान होने वाली अस्थायी बेरोजगारी।
Government Schemes ( Tax Poverty Unemployment )
| Scheme | Purpose |
|---|---|
| MGNREGA | Rural Employment |
| PMEGP | Self Employment |
| Skill India Mission | Skill Development |
| Start-up India | Entrepreneurship |
Important Abbreviations
| Abbreviation | Full Form |
|---|---|
| GST | Goods and Services Tax |
| GDP | Gross Domestic Product |
| NITI | National Institution for Transforming India |
| MGNREGA | Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act |
| PMEGP | Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme |
| CGST | Central Goods and Services Tax |
| SGST | State Goods and Services Tax |
| IGST | Integrated Goods and Services Tax |
Key Points for BPSC
| GST launched on 1 July 2017 |
| GST Council Article 279A |
| Income Tax is Direct Tax |
| GST is Indirect Tax |
| Poverty measured by committees |
| Disguised unemployment common in agriculture |
| Bihar faces seasonal and disguised unemployment |
| MGNREGA combats rural unemployment |
Previous Year Questions (PYQs)
Q1. GST Council is constituted under which Article?
A. 280
B. 279A
C. 270
D. 275
✅ Answer: B
Q2. Which committee estimated poverty in 2009?
A. Lakdawala Committee
B. Tendulkar Committee
C. Rangarajan Committee
D. Kelkar Committee
✅ Answer: B
Q3. Disguised unemployment is mainly found in?
A. Industry
B. Services
C. Agriculture
D. Banking
✅ Answer: C
MCQs (BPSC Level)
1. GST is a:
A. Direct Tax
B. Indirect Tax
C. Corporate Tax
D. Income Tax
✅ Answer: B
2. Which tax is paid directly by individuals?
A. GST
B. Customs Duty
C. Income Tax
D. Excise Duty
✅ Answer: C
3. Which committee gave revised poverty estimates in 2014?
A. Tendulkar
B. Rangarajan
C. Sarkaria
D. Balwant Rai Mehta
✅ Answer: B
4. MGNREGA guarantees employment for:
A. 50 Days
B. 75 Days
C. 100 Days
D. 150 Days
✅ Answer: C
5. Seasonal unemployment is mainly related to:
A. Agriculture
B. Banking
C. Tourism only
D. Manufacturing
✅ Answer: A
HOTS Questions
Q1.
Why is disguised unemployment considered hidden unemployment?
Answer:
Because even if some workers are removed from production, total output remains unchanged.
Q2.
How can GST improve India’s economy?
Answer:
GST creates a unified national market, reduces tax cascading and improves tax compliance.
Q3.
Why is poverty both an economic and social issue?
Answer:
Because it affects income, health, education, nutrition and overall human development.
Important Questions & Answers
Q1. What is Tax?
Tax is a compulsory contribution made to the government.
Q2. What is GST?
GST is a destination-based indirect tax on goods and services.
Q3. Define Poverty.
Poverty is the inability to meet minimum basic needs.
Q4. What is Unemployment?
The condition in which a willing and able person cannot get work.
Q5. What is Disguised Unemployment?
A situation where more workers are engaged than necessary.
Expected Questions for BPSC 2026
Very Important
- Explain Direct and Indirect Taxes.
- Discuss GST and its significance.
- Causes and consequences of poverty in India.
- Different types of unemployment.
- Role of MGNREGA in reducing unemployment.
- Poverty estimation committees in India.
- GST Council and its constitutional provisions.
- Impact of unemployment on economic growth.
- Poverty and unemployment in Bihar.
- Government measures to reduce poverty.
FAQs
1. Which tax replaced many indirect taxes in India?
GST.
2. When was GST implemented?
1 July 2017.
3. Which unemployment is common in agriculture?
Disguised unemployment.
4. Which committee estimated poverty in 2009?
Tendulkar Committee.
5. Which scheme guarantees rural employment?
MGNREGA.
Conclusion ( Tax Poverty Unemployment )
English
Taxation provides revenue for development, while poverty and unemployment remain major challenges to inclusive growth. Understanding these topics is essential for BPSC aspirants as they form the core of Indian Economic studies.
Hindi
कर व्यवस्था सरकार को विकास हेतु संसाधन प्रदान करती है, जबकि गरीबी और बेरोजगारी समावेशी विकास के सामने बड़ी चुनौतियाँ हैं। BPSC परीक्षा की दृष्टि से इन विषयों का गहन अध्ययन अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है।
Economy Series Roadmap
- Part 21 → Basic Economy, GDP & Inflation
- Part 22 → Banking, RBI & Budget
- Part 23 → Tax System, Poverty & Unemployment
- Part 24 → Bihar Economy (Next Topic)
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