🌱 Nutrition in Plants CLASS 7
🔹 What is Nutrition? ( Class 7 SCIENCE )
Nutrition is the process by which living organisms take food and use it for energy, growth, and repair. ( Class 7 SCIENCE )
🔹 पोषण क्या है?
पोषण वह प्रक्रिया है जिससे जीव भोजन प्राप्त करते हैं और उसे ऊर्जा, वृद्धि और मरम्मत के लिए उपयोग करते हैं।
🔹 2. Modes of Nutrition ( Class 7 SCIENCE )
पोषण के प्रकार
🌿 (A) Autotrophic Nutrition (स्वपोषी पोषण)
English:
Plants make their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
Hindi:
पौधे सूर्य के प्रकाश, कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड और जल की मदद से अपना भोजन स्वयं बनाते हैं।
👉 Plants are called Autotrophs (स्वपोषी)
(B) Heterotrophic Nutrition (परपोषी पोषण)
English:
Some organisms depend on others for food.
Hindi:
कुछ जीव अपने भोजन के लिए दूसरों पर निर्भर होते हैं। 👉 These are called Heterotrophs (परपोषी)
🔹 3. Photosynthesis (प्रकाश संश्लेषण) ( Class 7 SCIENCE )
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water in the presence of chlorophyll.
Hindi:
प्रकाश संश्लेषण वह प्रक्रिया है जिसमें हरे पौधे सूर्य के प्रकाश, कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड और जल की सहायता से क्लोरोफिल की उपस्थिति में भोजन बनाते हैं।
🧪 Equation (Formula)
Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen (in presence of sunlight & chlorophyll)
🌿 Steps of Photosynthesis
English:
- Leaves take in carbon dioxide
- Roots absorb water
- Sunlight is trapped by chlorophyll
- Food (glucose) is prepared
- Oxygen is released
Hindi:
- पत्तियाँ कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड लेती हैं
- जड़ें पानी अवशोषित करती हैं
- क्लोरोफिल सूर्य के प्रकाश को पकड़ता है
- भोजन (ग्लूकोज) बनता है
- ऑक्सीजन बाहर निकलती है
🔹 4. Role of Leaves (पत्तियों की भूमिका) ( Class 7 SCIENCE )
English:
- Leaves are the food factory of plants
- They contain chlorophyll
Hindi:
- पत्तियाँ पौधों का भोजन बनाने का कारखाना हैं
- इनमें क्लोरोफिल होता है
🔹 5. Stomata (रंध्र) ( Class 7 SCIENCE )
English:
Tiny pores on leaves that help in gas exchange.
Hindi:
पत्तियों पर छोटे-छोटे छिद्र जो गैसों का आदान-प्रदान करते हैं।
Other Modes of Nutrition in Plants
पौधों में अन्य पोषण के प्रकार
🪴 (A) Parasite (परजीवी)
English:
Plants that take food from other plants.
Example: Cuscuta (Amarbel)
Hindi:
दूसरे पौधों से भोजन लेने वाले पौधे।
🍄 (B) Saprotrophs (मृतजीवी)
English:
Organisms that feed on dead matter.
Example: Fungi
Hindi:
मरे हुए पदार्थों से भोजन लेने वाले जीव।
🐜 (C) Insectivorous Plants (कीटभक्षी पौधे)
English:
Plants that eat insects.
Example: Pitcher plant
Hindi:
कीड़े खाने वाले पौधे।
🤝 (D) Symbiosis (सहजीवन)
English:
Two organisms live together and help each other.
Example: Lichen
Hindi:
दो जीव साथ रहते हैं और एक-दूसरे की मदद करते हैं।
🔹 7. Replenishment of Nutrients in Soil
मिट्टी में पोषक तत्वों की पूर्ति
English:
- By fertilizers and manure
- By nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium)
Hindi:
- खाद और उर्वरक द्वारा
नाइट्रोजन स्थिरीकरण करने वाले जीवाणु (राइजोबियम
📗 Important Questions ( Class 7 SCIENCE )
Q1. What is photosynthesis?
Hindi: प्रकाश संश्लेषण क्या है?
👉 (Definition above)
Q2. Why are leaves called food factories?
English: Because they prepare food.
Hindi: क्योंकि वे भोजन बनाती हैं।
Q3. What is stomata?
👉 Small pores on leaves
30 MCQs with Answers
1. The process by which green plants prepare their own food is called:
A) Respiration
B) Digestion
C) Photosynthesis
D) Transpiration
Answer: C) Photosynthesis
2. Which pigment is essential for photosynthesis?
A) Hemoglobin
B) Chlorophyll
C) Melanin
D) Keratin
Answer: B) Chlorophyll
3. Which gas is taken in by plants during photosynthesis?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Hydrogen
Answer: C) Carbon dioxide
4. Plants are called autotrophs because they:
A) Eat other organisms
B) Make their own food
C) Live in water
D) Reproduce rapidly
Answer: B) Make their own food
5. The food prepared by plants is mainly stored as:
A) Protein
B) Vitamins
C) Starch
D) Minerals
Answer: C) Starch
6. Tiny pores on leaves are called:
A) Veins
B) Roots
C) Stomata
D) Petals
Answer: C) Stomata
7. Water is absorbed from the soil by:
A) Leaves
B) Flowers
C) Root hairs
D) Stem
Answer: C) Root hairs
8. Which of the following is a parasite?
A) Mushroom
B) Cuscuta
C) Rose
D) Mango
Answer: B) Cuscuta
9. Cuscuta is commonly known as:
A) Dodder
B) Lotus
C) Moss
D) Fern
Answer: A) Dodder
10. Which plant traps insects?
A) Neem
B) Pitcher Plant
C) Banyan
D) Sunflower
Answer: B) Pitcher Plant
11. Mushroom obtains food by:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Saprotrophic nutrition
C) Parasitic nutrition
D) Insectivorous nutrition
Answer: B) Saprotrophic nutrition
12. The leaves of plants appear green due to:
A) Carotene
B) Chlorophyll
C) Starch
D) Glucose
Answer: B) Chlorophyll
13. Oxygen released during photosynthesis comes out through:
A) Roots
B) Flowers
C) Stomata
D) Fruits
Answer: C) Stomata
14. Which of the following is NOT required for photosynthesis?
A) Sunlight
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Water
D) Oxygen
Answer: D) Oxygen
15. Rhizobium bacteria live in:
A) Leaves
B) Flowers
C) Root nodules of legumes
D) Stem
Answer: C) Root nodules of legumes
16. Rhizobium helps plants by:
A) Producing oxygen
B) Fixing nitrogen
C) Absorbing water
D) Making flowers
Answer: B) Fixing nitrogen
17. Lichens are an example of:
A) Parasitism
B) Saprotrophism
C) Symbiosis
D) Insectivory
Answer: C) Symbiosis
18. Which organism is a saprotroph?
A) Cuscuta
B) Mushroom
C) Pitcher Plant
D) Rose Plant
Answer: B) Mushroom
19. The raw material for photosynthesis obtained from air is:
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Hydrogen
Answer: C) Carbon dioxide
20. Plants convert solar energy into:
A) Mechanical energy
B) Heat energy
C) Chemical energy
D) Sound energy
Answer: C) Chemical energy
21. Which part of the plant mainly performs photosynthesis?
A) Root
B) Stem
C) Leaf
D) Flower
Answer: C) Leaf
22. The mode of nutrition in green plants is:
A) Heterotrophic
B) Autotrophic
C) Saprotrophic
D) Parasitic
Answer: B) Autotrophic
23. Which nutrient is added to soil by Rhizobium?
A) Potassium
B) Calcium
C) Nitrogen
D) Iron
Answer: C) Nitrogen
24. Insectivorous plants trap insects mainly to obtain:
A) Water
B) Nitrogen
C) Oxygen
D) Sugar
Answer: B) Nitrogen
25. The product of photosynthesis is:
A) Glucose
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Nitrogen
D) Minerals
Answer: A) Glucose
26. Which of the following is a leguminous plant?
A) Pea
B) Mango
C) Rose
D) Coconut
Answer: A) Pea
27. Symbiosis means:
A) Competition between organisms
B) One organism harming another
C) Living together for mutual benefit
D) Living alone
Answer: C) Living together for mutual benefit
28. The test used to detect starch is:
A) Iodine Test
B) Litmus Test
C) Benedict Test
D) Flame Test
Answer: A) Iodine Test
29. Which structure transports water from roots to leaves?
A) Xylem
B) Phloem
C) Stomata
D) Petiole
Answer: A) Xylem
30. Photosynthesis helps maintain the balance of:
A) Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
B) Nitrogen and Hydrogen
C) Calcium and Iron
D) Potassium and Magnesium
Answer: A) Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions
1.
A plant is kept in complete darkness for a week. What changes would you expect in its food production and why?
Answer: The plant will not be able to perform photosynthesis and therefore cannot produce food.
2.
Why do insectivorous plants trap insects even though they can perform photosynthesis?
Answer: They grow in nitrogen-deficient soils and obtain nitrogen from insects.
3.
How would life on Earth be affected if chlorophyll disappeared from all plants?
Answer: Photosynthesis would stop, food chains would collapse, and oxygen levels would decrease drastically.
4.
Explain why mushrooms are not considered producers.
Answer: They cannot make their own food and depend on dead and decaying matter.
5.
A farmer grows leguminous crops before wheat. How does this help the soil?
Answer: Rhizobium bacteria in legume roots enrich the soil with nitrogen.
6.
Can a plant survive if its stomata are permanently closed? Give reasons.
Answer: No. Gas exchange and transpiration would stop, affecting photosynthesis and plant growth.
7.
Why is photosynthesis considered the foundation of almost all food chains?
Answer: Plants are primary producers and provide food directly or indirectly to all organisms.
8.
If carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere decreases sharply, what will happen to plants?
Answer: Photosynthesis rate will decrease, reducing food production and plant growth.
9.
How are lichens a perfect example of cooperation in nature?
Answer: Algae prepare food while fungi provide shelter, water, and minerals. Both benefit from the association.
10.
A yellow-colored leaf and a green-colored leaf are exposed to sunlight. Which one will produce more food and why?
Answer: The green leaf will produce more food because it contains more chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
Conclusion (English)
Nutrition in Plants is one of the most important chapters in Class 7 Science because it explains how plants prepare their own food through the process of photosynthesis. Green plants are called autotrophs as they produce food using sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll. We also learned about different modes of nutrition such as parasitic, saprotrophic, insectivorous, and symbiotic nutrition. Understanding this chapter helps students appreciate the vital role of plants in maintaining life on Earth by providing food and oxygen. A strong understanding of this topic is essential for school exams, competitive tests, and future science studies.
निष्कर्ष (Hindi)
पौधों में पोषण (Nutrition in Plants) कक्षा 7 विज्ञान का एक महत्वपूर्ण अध्याय है, जो हमें यह समझाता है कि पौधे प्रकाश संश्लेषण (Photosynthesis) की प्रक्रिया द्वारा अपना भोजन स्वयं कैसे बनाते हैं। हरे पौधों को स्वपोषी (Autotrophs) कहा जाता है क्योंकि वे सूर्य के प्रकाश, जल, कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड और क्लोरोफिल की सहायता से भोजन तैयार करते हैं। इस अध्याय में हमने परजीवी (Parasitic), मृतोपजीवी (Saprotrophic), कीटभक्षी (Insectivorous) तथा सहजीवी (Symbiotic) पोषण के बारे में भी अध्ययन किया। यह अध्याय हमें प्रकृति में पौधों के महत्व तथा पृथ्वी पर जीवन बनाए रखने में उनकी भूमिका को समझने में सहायता करता है। बोर्ड परीक्षाओं, प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं और विज्ञान की आगे की पढ़ाई के लिए इस अध्याय की अच्छी समझ अत्यंत आवश्यक है।
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